1. Turning Stone Casino Restaurants
2. Turning Stone Casino

Turning Stone Resort Casino
Location in central New York
Location	Verona, New York
Address	5218 Patrick Road
Opening date	July 16, 1993; 26 years ago
No. of rooms	709 (across four hotels)[1]
Total gaming space	125,000 square foot Las Vegas-style gaming floor
Signature attractions	PGA-quality golf course, spa, showroom, and 5,000-seat arena
Notable restaurants	TS Steakhouse, Tin Rooster
Casino type	Land-based
Owner	Oneida Indian Nation
Renovated in	1997 (addition of hotel) 2004 (second hotel tower) 2010-2012 (renovation of existing hotel building)
Coordinates	43°06′54″N75°35′20″W / 43.115°N 75.589°W
Website	turningstone.com

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Turning Stone Resort Casino is a resort owned and operated by the Oneida Indian Nation (OIN) in Verona, New York.

The facility opened on July 20, 1993, and offers golf amenities (on- and off-site golf courses, one of PGA Tour quality, and an indoor golf dome), an RV park, an amusement arcade, many restaurants, spas, Bingo, Keno, table games, and many types of reel and video slot machines. Until the Seneca Niagara Casino opened in 2002, it was the only land-based casino in New York. Adjacent to exit 33 of the New York State Thruway, the resort is a popular tourist destination in central New York State and has received numerous awards in the industry.

• 3Legal issues

Construction and expansion[edit]

The casino, and associated hotel for visitors and conventions, was conceived as a revenue-generating enterprise to aid in economic and social development of the OIN. It was developed at a time when Native American sovereignty and the right to establish gaming casinos on reservations had survived court challenges. Development of the casino was opposed from within and outside the OIN. As a fall-back plan, the OIN had the casino designed so that it could be adapted as a small shopping mall, if necessary. Ultimately, the OIN decided not to add a shopping mall because online shopping has diminished patronage to shopping malls.^[2]

The land upon which the casino is located was acquired from Ibrahim Batca and his family in two transactions in 1992 and 1993.^[3] Construction of an on-site hotel and a bingo hall began in 1994. The Bingo Hall's construction was completed in 1995. Disagreements over the hotel plans delayed its construction for a year.^[4] The hotel's original design plans had the hotel and casino separate, connected only by an outdoor walkway. Because of the delay, the hotel plans were re-designed to combine the hotel and casino into one structure. This new design allowed the Oneida Indian Nation to offer more services, including a pool, a spa, and a gym. Additionally, the combination created a larger and more formal lobby to serve both the hotel and casino to be one structure.

In 1997 the OIN paid for construction of a water tower near the casino and donated it to the Town of Verona, as one of their community contributions. The water tower has a capacity to hold 1,000,000 gallons of water. In 2005 the OIN consumed 600,000 gallons per day, which was four times the amount guaranteed to them under an agreement with the Town of Verona. In about July 2005 the Town of Verona notified the OIN that after 5:00 p.m. on August 2, 2005, the water would be shut off after the tribe had used the 150,000 gallons of water that is guaranteed under the agreement. Just hours before this deadline, the OIN began paying for a new water pump to be installed to provide the needed water capacity for the casino and resort.^[5]

In 2002 construction of a gaming expansion and showroom were completed to provide the only Ticketmaster-approved venue in the area.^[6] The popularity of the casino provided sufficient revenue for the OIN to build second and third hotels at the site to satisfy demand. Construction of the new hotel was finished in late 2004. One of the hotels is the tallest structure between Syracuse and Albany to serve the common guest; the other hotel is a luxury resort that caters to golf customers and fans.^[7] DeSimone Consulting Engineers is the structural engineering firm for the project. ^[8]

Entertainment[edit]

The Turning Stone Casino and Resort hosted NESN and YES Network's Boston vs. New York Poker Challenge for two seasons.

The casino hosts several shows throughout the year, featuring musicians (KISS, Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Fergie, Mariah Carey, Gwen Stefani, No Doubt, Jordin Sparks, Alicia Keys & Wayne Newton), comedians and other entertainment groups (Purrrfect Angels).The Irish Rovers played their two 2014 St Patrick's Day Concerts at the resort.

The resort's Atunyote Golf Club, located on tribal land, hosted the Turning Stone Resort Championship, a PGA Tour event, from 2007 through 2010. It was dropped from the tour schedule over a 2011 scheduling dispute.^[9] In 2006, it hosted the B.C. Open on the PGA Tour in July and the PGA Professional National Championship, which returns in 2016.^[10]

Legal issues[edit]

The casino's early success met opposition from New York State, Oneida County, Madison County, Vernon town government, and a citizens' group called Upstate Citizens for Equality (UCE). Several lawsuits were commenced that challenged the casino's legal authority to operate.

The tribal-state gaming compact[edit]

Until the November 5, 2013 election that amended the New York State Constitution, state law prohibited gambling, particularly class III gaming. The OIN wanted to take advantage of expanding the original bingo hall into a full casino, which would include Class III gaming. To do so, OIN negotiated a gaming compact with then Governor Mario Cuomo in 1993; a prerequisite to creating an Indian casino pursuant to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA). UCE challenged the compact's validity because the state legislature failed to approve the compact, pursuant to the New York State Constitution.^[11] In Pataki, the New York State Supreme Court held that despite Cuomo's representation and belief that legislative approval was unnecessary, the compact was not valid because the state legislature had not approved the same. The OIN appealed this decision to the Appellate Division, which affirmed the lower court. The Appellate Division granted leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals, which affirmed the Appellate Division's decision. After the Court of Appeals decision, the OIN petitioned the US Supreme Court to review the decision, but the high court denied certiori.

The OIN argued that the US Secretary of the Interior approved the compact and that removed the need for the state legislature's approval. The IGRA incorporates state laws into federal law. Specifically, 18 U.S.C.§ 1166 provides 'for purposes of Federal law, all State laws pertaining to the licensing, regulation, or prohibition of gambling, . . . shall apply in Indian country in the same manner and to the same extent as such laws apply elsewhere in the State.'^[12] The Tenth Circuit held that the Secretary of the Interior's approval of a gaming compact has no impact on its validity because state law controls whether a gaming compact is valid.'^[13] However, to date, the Second Circuit has not adopted this view in regards to the validity of a compact.^[14] The Pataki case was a state court action, and did not receive review in the Second Circuit.

The OIN then sought relief with the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). After many failed attempts to negotiate a settlement by an April 2007 deadline, the Department of the Interior launched its own investigation into the compact's validity. On June 13, 2007 when the Associate Deputy Secretary of the Interior declined to reconsider its approval of the compact, Mr. Cason stated, 'the 1993 Compact continues to be in effect for purposes of the IGRA'.^[15] In UCE's lawsuit against the DOI, UCE challenged the DOI's decision regarding the compact's validity in addition to its challenge of the DOI's decision to take land into trust for the OIN.^[16] The US Interior Department's position was that the June 13, 2007 correspondence was not the end of it reconsidering the validity of the tribal-state compact, but merely a suspension of its reconsideration.^[17]

On August 7, 2007, in an action between New York State and the OIN, U.S. District Court Judge Kahn upheld Magistrate Treece's order directing the depositions of high-ranking officials and denying the State's motions. The decision also dismissed the Amended Complaint pleading, which attacked the Board's authority to amend the Compact due to Peterman and Seneca, on subject matter jurisdiction grounds. The fact that the amended complaint was dismissed on jurisdictional grounds deprived the court of the opportunity to address, directly, the compact's validity at the federal level. If the compact was invalid, then the Oneida Indian Nation would be violating federal law (operating a gaming facility without a tribal-state compact).^[18] Such a violation of federal law would have provided the requisite subject matter jurisdiction (federal question) to address the amended complaint. Even though the State sought to enjoin the Nation from operating Instant Multi Game ('IMG') based on its failure to adhere to the procedures in the Compact,^[19] the state has since dropped this case.^[20]

In 2013, the OIN, New York State, and Madison and Oneida Counties reached a landmark agreement that resolved the ongoing issues regarding the tribal-state compact, taxing issues, and the land upon which the resort casino is built.^[21] The agreement also ended all litigation pending between the three entities at the time of the agreement.^[21]

Casino location site legality[edit]

In addition to whether the tribe-state gaming compact was valid, the other issue was whether the location chosen to conduct the gaming was legal. New York State Law forbade Class III gaming on lands within New York State. The casino was located on Indian Territory as defined in the IGRA. However, the issue was compounded in light of the City of Sherrill v Oneida Indian Nation US Supreme Court decision.^[22] The DOI stated 'compact does not specifically refer to the site where ... the Nation has built a major new facility in anticipation of being able to conduct gaming in the future. Since the compact tracks the [IGRA's definition of 'Indian lands'], we ... take no position with regard to whether this new facility is on 'Indian land' as that term is used in IGRA'.^[23]Justice Ginsburg opined that although the land was part of the original tribal land grant of the 1796 Treaty of Canadagua, 200+ years in non-Indian control was too long a time for the Oneida Indian Nation to re-establish its immunity over those lands once it re-acquired the ownership of those lands. As directed in the Sherrill decision, the OIN applied to the DOI to have this land taken into trust, which was approved and formalized on September 4, 2014.^[24]

Gaming issues resolved[edit]

On May 2013, the OIN, New York State, and Madison and Oneida Counties reached a landmark agreement that resolved the gaming compact issue, among other issues needing resolution. As part of the agreement, the state held a referendum to amend the New York State Constitution to allow for full gambling casinos to operate within the state, which passed on November 5, 2013.^[25] The agreement paved the way for the OIN to open two more casinos within its 10-county area of exclusivity.

Liquor license[edit]

The casino applied for several liquor licenses with the New York State Liquor Authority (Liquor Authority) in 2007 that were denied on October 3, 2007.^[26][27] After delaying a decision for a month, the liquor board told the OIN it cannot issue permits while unsettled sovereignty issues between the OIN and the state (related to land issues) are being litigated in court. 'The Liquor Authority said the applications were disapproved without prejudice, and the Nation can reapply for the licenses after the reservation issue is solved.'^[28] The licenses would have allowed the casino to serve alcohol on the gaming floor and at its several restaurants.

While the applications were pending before the Liquor Authority, the resort did not allow any kind of alcohol on the premises, as part of their application.^[29] Since the Liquor Authority's denial on the applications, the OIN lifted the alcohol ban in the resort. In response, the casino reached an agreement with the Beeches Hotel And Catering Service which received multiple one-day permits to sell alcohol at the premises.^[30] This generated much controversy because the Beech's owner's wife, Roan Destito sits on the committee governing liquor laws.^[31] In May 2010, the casino leased portions of the property to a subsidiary of the Beech's which in turn was awarded a full license to sell liquor and other alcohol.^[32][33] This allowed the casino to offer alcohol to its patrons at all the restaurants and the gaming floor, in addition to the private nightclub.

Smoking versus non-smoking[edit]

Smoking is allowed around the resort; non-smoking sections have been established and expanded in all areas. In 2016, the casino and resort underwent a $20 million upgrade and renovation project to provide better smoke-free areas on the gambling floor, and improve ventilation facilities to enhance all non-smoking zones within the resort and casino.^[34]

Awards and recognitions[edit]

Since 2001, Turning Stone has received more than 480 different awards and recognitions.^[35]

In 2018, Forbes Travel Guide awarded the resort with three Four Star ratings for The Lodge hotel, Wildflowers restaurant, and Skana spa. The year before, AAA awarded three of its prestigious AAA Four Diamond Awards, to the resort's The Lodge and Tower hotels, as well as Wildflowers restaurant, making Turning Stone the only resort in the Northeastern United States to earn both three AAA and Forbes awards.^[36][35]

In 2017, the resort was named Best Overall Gaming Resort in New York by Casino Player magazine .^[37]

All three of Turning Stone’s championship-caliber golf courses were included in Golfweek magazine’s list of Best Golf Courses you Can Play in New York,^[38] and two of the courses were included in Golf Digest's 100 Greatest Public Courses in America.^[39]

The Nation’s Atunyote Golf Course hosts both the Turning Stone Resort Championship and the annual Notah Begay III Foundation Challenge charity event.

In popular culture[edit]

• American metal band Bible of the Devil recorded a song about the casino, titled 'The Turning Stone'. It appears on their 2008 album Freedom Metal.

References[edit]

1. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2015-04-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. ^'Jackpot: Conventions become a bigger part of casino business'^{[permanent dead link]}, Empire Monthly
3. ^Deeds on file in the Oneida County Clerk's Office in Book of Deeds, volume 2627, page 94 and Book of Deeds volume 2657, page 653
4. ^'FindArticles.com - CBSi'. findarticles.com. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
5. ^Oneida Indian Nation Water PumpArchived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Madison County website
6. ^'Tribe to give workers a bonus'^{[permanent dead link]}, Times Union, 30 January 2005
7. ^'Gaming aside, the Oneidas are betting on golf', Boston.com, 18 April 18, 2004
8. ^'Turning Stone Resort and Casino Expansion - DeSimone'. www.de-simone.com. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
9. ^'Turning Stone event drops off PGA Tour schedule in dispute over dates'. PGA of America. Associated Press. 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
10. ^'Turning Stone to host 2016 PGA Professional National Championship'. PGA of America. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
11. ^Peterman v Pataki, 4 Misc3d 1028A, 798 NYS2d 347 [Sup Ct]
12. ^18 USC Sec. 1166 Gambling in Indian country
13. ^Mescalero Apache Tribe v State of New Mexico, 131 F.3D 1379 [10th Cir. 1997]
14. ^http://www.upstate-citizens.org/NY-v-OIN.pdf
15. ^Department of the Interior letter to the Oneida Nation
16. ^Complaint
17. ^USDOI Reply 'The one page letter does not reflect a substantive deliberation reconsidering DOI’s former approval but rather a simple notice to the concerned parties that the reconsideration process has been indefinitely suspended.'
18. ^see Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
19. ^see 28 U.S.C.A. § 1331, Upstate Citizens for Equality website (page 5 left column), [1]
20. ^Syracuse.com blog
21. ^ ^abOneida_Indian_Nation#2013_landmark_agreement_between_New_York_State,_Madison_and_Oneida_Counties,_and_the_OIN
22. ^City of Sherrill v Oneida Indian Nation
23. ^DOI letter regarding gaming site
24. ^For more information on this application see the Oneida Indian Nation page.
25. ^Casino Gambling Referendum Approved
26. ^Turning Stone liquor deal 'very lucrative'
27. ^'State denies all 6 Nation liquor license applications'Archived 2012-09-17 at Archive.today, Utica OD
28. ^'State denies all 6 Nation liquor license applications'Archived 2012-09-17 at Archive.today, Utica OD
29. ^'Turning Stone Asks for Liquor', Syracuse Blog
30. ^Turning Stone liquor deal 'very lucrative'
31. ^Id.
32. ^Liquor License issued for Turning Stone
33. ^Picente supports Turning Stone alcohol permits
34. ^Turning Stone To Limit Smokers To Own Mini-Casino; $20 Million Project To Upgrade
35. ^ ^abAwards & Accolades, Turning Stone Resort Casino, Retrieved 18-05-2018.
36. ^'Turning Stone garners more ‘Best of NY’ awards', Rome Sentinel, May 14, 2018.
37. ^'The Best of Gaming 2017', Casino Player magazine, September, 2017.
38. ^Klein, Bradley'Best Golf Courses you Can Play in New York', Golfweek, April 19, 2017.
39. ^Whitten, Ron'America's 100 Greatest Public Courses', Golf Digest, May, 2017.

External links[edit]

Coordinates: 43°06′54″N75°35′20″W / 43.115°N 75.589°W

June 15, 2010

NON-INDIAN CASINOS

The 'free drink' is becoming less common in casinos as studies show that casinos can sell more alcohol when they stop giving it away.

There are commercial casinos in 13 states. 'Free drinks' are allowed in 9 of them:

• Colorado
• Iowa
• Louisiana
• Michigan
• Mississippi,
• Nevada
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• South Dakota

The other 4 states with commercial casinos must sell alcohol. No free drinks.

• Illinois
• Indiana
• Kansas
• Missouri

Source: American Gambling Association

INDIAN CASINOS

Most of the 500 Indian casinos that operate in 28 of our states sell alcohol. Many casino that do not are now seeking licenses to do so. This is evidenced by the following examples:

• Harrah's Cherokee in North Carolina got permission from voters last year to add alcohol sales to its casino.
  
• Turning Stone in upstate New York won a state liquor license in May that will make alcohol more widely available throughout its facilities.
  
• Fire Rock Casino, run by the Navajo in New Mexico, now serves alcohol even though the sales or possession of it are prohibited on their reservation.
  

At most casinos the minimum age to enter is determined by the minimum age to drink. In states that require a minimum age of 21 to enter a facility serving alcohol, casino have set 21 as their minimum age to enter to protect the provisions of their liquor license. Non-alcohol casinos generally allow entrance to a minimum age of 18 years old.

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